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Global Economic Governance (Politics A-level): Key organisations

For each organisation you need to be able to:

  • Describe the origins and features of the organisation.
  • Balance its strengths and successes against...
  • ...the pressures for reform and criticisms
  • ...by referring to evidence from case studies
  • Allowing you to critically evaluate the success of the organisation.

Read the articles below, using one summary sheet per organisation to organise your ideas as you read.

IMF

IMF: Origins and features

The following article provides a background to the IMF as well as a discussion of both strengths and criticisms and can be used, alongside your textbook for a general overview of the IMF.

Article: Master, J. & Chaztky, A. (2020, August 20) The IMF: The World’s Controversial Financial Firefighter. Retrieved from Council on Foreign Relations:https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/imf-worlds-controversial-financial-firefighter

 

The Council on Foreign Relations is a "nonprofit, publisher, and think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international affairs" described as a LEAST BIASED source, rated HIGH for factual reporting (03/21).

IMF: Strengths and successes

Use the articles below to explore:

  • Case study: South Korea
  • Case study: Sudan

Article: What eurozone countries can learn from South Korea. (2012, July 9) Retrieved from BBC: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-18719079

 

 

The BBC is a LEFT-CENTRE source, rated HIGH for factual reporting (03/21)

Article: Sudan approved for debt relief, $2.5 billion funding by IMF. (2021, June 30) Retrieved from Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudan-crosses-last-hurdle-towards-debt-relief-sudanese-official-2021-06-28/ 

 

Reuters is a LEAST BIASED source, rated VERY HIGH for factual reporting (03/21)

IMF: Pressures for reform and criticisms

Use your textbook to explore:

  • USA voting power quota
  • Always led by a European President

Use the articles below to explore Structural Adjustment Programmes (Austerity programmes) SAPs in the following contexts:

  • Case study: Greece AUSTERITY + SOVEREIGNTY
  • Case study: IMF post Argentina crisis
  • Case study: Austerity and Africa

Video and article: Greece emerges from Eurozone bailout programme. (2018, August 20) Retrieved from BBC News: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-45243088

 

 

The BBC is a LEFT-CENTRE source, rated HIGH for factual reporting (03/21)

Article: Rogoff, K. (2019, October, 3) Does the IMF need to refocus its role after the Argentina crisis? Retrieved from The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/oct/03/does-the-imf-need-to-refocus-its-role-after-the-argentina-crisis

 

The Guardian is a left-centre source rated high for factual reporting.

 

Article: Inman, Phillip. (2019, March 30) The west is exporting austerity to Africa. It’s a disaster. 

Retrieved from The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/mar/30/west-austerity-africa-debt-aid-loans

 The Guardian is a left-centre source rated high for factual reporting.

 

World Bank

World Bank: Origins and features

The following article provides an overview to the World Bank.

Article: Masters, J. &. (2019, April 9). The World Bank group’s role in global development. Retrieved from Council on Foreign Relations: https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/world-bank-groups-role-global-development

 

 The Council on Foreign Relations is a "nonprofit, publisher, and think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international affairs" described as a LEAST BIASED source, rated HIGH for factual reporting (03/21).

World Bank: Strengths and successes

Use your textbook to explore:

  • “Knowledge Bank” as well as a Money Bank – funds education, gender equality, fighting disease like AIDS and COVID-19

Use the articles below to explore:

  • Case study: Global trade and development
  • Case study: Funding for climate action

Video: World Bank. (2023, February 14) Driving Global Trade for Development. Retrieved from YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYJP2J5yid4

 

 

Article and Video: World Bank Group Announces $200 billion over Five Years for Climate Action. (2018, December 3) Retrieved from The World Bank: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2018/12/03/world-bank-group-announces-200-billion-over-five-years-for-climate-action 

 

This is a Press Release from the World Bank about its own work. The World Bank is an internationally respected organisation so it is likely to be factually correct but will be biased towards presenting the World Bank in a good light.

World Bank: Pressures for reform and criticisms

Use the articles below to explore:

  • Case study: Lagos: Environmental damage caused by loans
  • Case study: China receives World Bank loans – despite being the world’s second largest economy!

Article: Steffen, S. (2015, April 16) World Bank failed to protect the poor, research shows. Retrieved from DW (Deutsche Welle):https://www.dw.com/en/world-bank-failed-to-protect-the-poor-research-shows/a-18388491

 

DW News (Deutsche Welle) is a LEFT-CENTRE source, rated HIGH for factual reporting (04/21)

Article: World Bank gives China billions in loans despite US objections (2019, December 6). Retrieved from Al Jazeera:https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2019/12/6/world-bank-gives-china-billions-in-loans-despite-us-objections

 

Al Jazeera is a LEFT-CENTRE source, rated MIXED for factual reporting (03/21)

World Trade Organisation

World Trade Organisation: Origins and features

The following article provides an overview to the World Trade Organisation.

Article: McBride, J., & Siripurapu, A. (2022, June 10). What's next for the WTO? Retrieved from Council on Foreign Relations: https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/whats-next-wto

A red and black logo with a microphone and textDescription automatically generated The Council on Foreign Relations is a "nonprofit, publisher, and think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international affairs" described as a LEAST BIASED source, rated HIGH for factual reporting (03/21).

World Trade Organisation: Strengths and successes

Use your textbook to explore:

  • Membership: 75% of member states are Developing States

Use the articles below to explore:

  • Case study: Bali conference 2013 – trade deal to boost trade across borders in LEDCs
  • The WTO provides a system for resolving disputes, when a country alleges that another has violated WTO rules… Case study: Boeing USA v Airbus EU state subsidies dispute

Video: WTO agrees global trade deal worth $1tn. (2013, December 7) Retrieved from BBC News: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-25274889

 

The BBC is a LEFT-CENTRE source, rated HIGH for factual reporting (03/21)

Article: EU paid Airbus billions in illegal subsidies, WTO rules. (2018, May 15) Retrieved from BBC News:https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-44120525

 

The BBC is a LEFT-CENTRE source, rated HIGH for factual reporting (03/21)

World Trade Organisation: Pressures for reform and criticisms

Use the articles below to explore:

  • Case study: Failure to prevent USA-China trade war
  • Case study: WTO's defence of global trade

Video: The Economist (2019, November 14). America v China: why the trade war won't end soon. Retrieved from YouTube:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ErwIlvQ_RVk

 

The Economist is a LEAST BIASED source, rated HIGH for factual reporting (03/21)

Article: Bounds, A. (2022, June 13). The WTO's lonely struggle to defend global trade.  Retrieved from The Financial Times: https://www.ft.com/content/f81e4abe-cf53-485c-afbf-1b3870872384

You need to be a subscriber to the FT to access this article. It is easy and free, just follow the instructions in the second box down on the right.

The Financial Times is rated 'least biased' and high for factual reporting by mediabiasfactcheck.com.

G7/ G8/ G20

G7/ G8/ G20: Origins and features

The following articles provide overviews to G7 and G20.

 

Article: CFR.org Editors. (2023, June 28). What does the G7 do? Retrieved from Council on Foreign Relations: https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-does-g7-do

 

 

 

 

Article: McBride, J, Siripurapu, A. & Berman, N. (2022, December 15). What does the G20 do? Retrieved from Council on Foreign Relations: https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-does-g20-do

 

 

A red and black logo with a microphone and textDescription automatically generated The Council on Foreign Relations is a "nonprofit, publisher, and think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international affairs" described as a LEAST BIASED source, rated HIGH for factual reporting (03/21).

G7/ G8/ G20: Strengths and successes

Use your textbook to explore:

Use the articles below to explore:

  • Case study: ...and G20 has injected trillions of dollars again into global economy to fight coronavirus
  • Case study: G8 2005 Gleneagles – cancelled debt to many African countries

Article: Kalin, S. & Lawder, D. (2020, March 26) G20 leaders to inject $5 trillion into global economy in fight against coronavirus. Retrieved from Reuters News:https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-g20-saudi-idUSKBN21D0XL

 

Reuters is a LEAST BIASED source, rated VERY HIGH for factual reporting (03/21)

Article: Did Live 8 and G8 help cut Africa's debt burden? (2015, July 10) Retrieved from BBC News:https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-33388990

 

The BBC is a LEFT-CENTRE source, rated HIGH for factual reporting (03/21)

G7/ G8/ G20: Pressures for reform and criticisms

Use your textbook to explore:

  • Non-binding decisions

Use the article below to explore:

  • Case study: Threats to progress at G20 
  • Case study: G7 discord between the USA and Canada

 

Article: G20 Argentina: Rifts laid bare as world leaders meet (2018, November 30)Retrieved from BBC News: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-46395758

 

 The BBC is a LEFT-CENTRE source, rated HIGH for factual reporting (03/21)

 

Article: G7 summit ends in disarray as Trump abandons joint statement (2018, June 10). Retrieved from BBC News: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-44427660

 

The BBC is a LEFT-CENTRE source, rated HIGH for factual reporting (03/21)

Key organisations summary sheet

Use this document to organise your ideas. Use one sheet per organisation. If you choose to print it and fill it in by hand you might want to consider printing on A3.

Access to the Financial Times

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